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August 24, 2024

Top 12 HTML Interview Questions with Answers

online pages are fundamentally structured using HTML (HyperText Markup Language), which is the foundation of online development. This blog post includes the top 15 HTML interview questions and their solutions, which will help you reinforce your comprehension of HTML whether you're getting ready for an interview or just brushing up on your knowledge.

 

1. What is HTML and why is it important?

 

Ans: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for online pages. It gives a webpage's structure by utilising elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, graphics, and so on. HTML is important because it defines the content and structure of web pages, allowing browsers to comprehend and display them correctly. 

 

2. What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?

 

Ans:  HTML and XHTML are both markup languages used to construct web pages, although their syntax rules and standards vary.

 i. HTML (HyperText Markup Language): More forgiving in syntax, allowing for flexibility such as omitting closing tags or using uppercase letters for                tag names.

ii. XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language): A stricter version of HTML that adheres to XML syntax rules, requiring all tags to be properly                closed, nested correctly, and written in lowercase. 

XHTML promotes better structure and reduces errors but demands more attention to detail compared to HTML.

 

 

3. What is the difference between HTML and HTML5?

 

Answer: HTML5 is the latest version of HTML and introduces new features and improvements over previous versions of HTML:

  • New Elements: HTML5 introduces semantic elements like <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, and media elements like <audio>, <video>.

  • Better Multimedia Support: HTML5 has built-in support for audio and video without the need for external plugins like Flash.

  • Enhanced APIs: HTML5 provides APIs for local storage, drag-and-drop functionality, and offline applications.

  • Improved Browser Compatibility: HTML5 is designed to work on all modern browsers, ensuring better performance and consistency across different platforms.

HTML5 is more robust, offering enhanced capabilities that align with the needs of modern web development.

 

 

4. What are HTML semantic elements, and why should you use them?

 

Answer: HTML semantic elements are tags that clearly describe their meaning in a human- and machine-readable way. Examples include <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, and <nav>.

Using semantic elements is important because:

  • Improved Accessibility: Helps screen readers and other assistive technologies interpret the structure and content of a webpage more effectively.
  • Better SEO: Search engines can better understand the content and context of your webpage, which can improve your search rankings.
  • Enhanced Code Readability: Makes your code easier to read and maintain by clearly defining different parts of your document.

 

 

5. What is the difference between <div> and <span>?

 

Answer:

  • <div> (Division Element): A block-level element used to group other elements together. It creates a block of space and typically starts on a new line.
  • <span> (Span Element): An inline element used to group text or other inline elements together without breaking the flow of content on the page.

 

<div>
    <h1>Heading</h1>
    <p>This is a paragraph inside a div.</p>
</div>
<span>This is a <span>highlighted</span> word.</span>

 

 

6. What is the purpose of the DOCTYPE declaration in HTML?

 

Answer: The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type and version of HTML being used. It ensures that the web browser renders the page in standards mode, rather than quirks mode. Quirks mode is a mode in which browsers try to imitate older, less standard-compliant behavior to support legacy content.

 

<!DOCTYPE html>

 

 

7. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML? 

 

Answer: You create a hyperlink in HTML using the <a> (anchor) element. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to.

 

<a href="https://www.codingwallah.org">Visit CodingWallah</a>

 

This creates a clickable link that directs the user to "https://www.codingwallah.org/" when clicked.

 

 

8. What is the difference between inline, inline-block, and block elements in HTML?

 

Answer:

  • Inline elements: Do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary. Examples include <span>, <a>, and <strong>.
  • Block elements: Start on a new line and take up the full width available. Examples include <div>, <p>, <h1>-<h6>, and <section>.
  • Inline-block elements: Behave like inline elements but allow you to set width and height, and they respect margins and padding like block elements.

 

 

9. What is the difference between the <head> and <body> tags in HTML?

 

Answer:

  • <head>: Contains meta-information about the HTML document, such as the document's title, character set, stylesheets, scripts, and other metadata. Content in the <head> tag is not displayed directly on the webpage.
  • <body>: Contains the content of the document that is visible to users, such as text, images, videos, and other elements.

 

 

10. What is the difference between id and class attributes in HTML?

 

Answer:

  • id: The id attribute is used to uniquely identify an HTML element. Each id must be unique within a document, and it can be used to target specific elements with CSS or JavaScript.

  • class: The class attribute is used to apply styles or functionality to multiple elements. Unlike id, multiple elements can share the same class name.

 

<div id="header">This is a header</div>
<p class="text">This is a paragraph.</p>
<p class="text">This is another paragraph.</p>

 

 

11. What is the difference between HTML5 local storage and cookies?

 

Answer:

  • Local Storage: HTML5 local storage allows web applications to store data locally in the user's browser with no expiration time. It can hold up to 5MB of data (varies by browser), and the data persists even after the browser is closed.

  • Cookies: Cookies are small pieces of data sent by the server and stored on the client-side. They are limited to about 4KB of data and typically have an expiration date. Cookies are sent with every HTTP request, which can slow down performance.

Local storage is generally preferred for storing large amounts of data that do not need to be sent to the server with every request.

 

 

12. What are data attributes in HTML and how are they used?

 

Answer: Data attributes in HTML allow you to store extra information on standard, semantic HTML elements without using non-standard attributes. They start with data- followed by the custom name of your choice.

 

<div data-product-id="12345" data-price="99.99">Product</div>

In this example, the data-product-id and data-price attributes store additional information about the product, which can be accessed using JavaScript.

 

 

These Top 12 questions cover the essential concepts of HTML that are commonly asked in interviews. By mastering these questions and their answers, you'll be well-prepared to demonstrate your HTML knowledge in your next interview. Understanding the differences between HTML, XHTML, and HTML5, as well as the practical application of elements, attributes, and events, is crucial for any aspiring front-end developer.

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